What is a sulcus sign?
The Sulcus sign is defined as dimpling lateral to the acromion after applying downward traction to the humerus.
What is the clunk test?
A clunk or grinding noise or sensation indicates a positive test. Interpretation. Tear in the glenoid labrum. Common errors in performing exam. The most common error in performing this exam is the examiner not correctly applying the appropriate degrees of passive motion.
What is Kim lesion?
Kim lesions are superficial tears between the posterior glenoid labrum and glenoid articular cartilage without labral detachment. Failure to identify and treat this lesion may lead to permanent posterior instability.
What is positive Neer sign?
Neer [27, 28] described a diagnostic sign for impingement performed by passively flexing the patient’s arm until pain is felt in the anterior or anterolateral proximal arm. According to Bigliani and Levine [3], a positive impingement sign typically occurs with the arm between 70 and 120 flexion.
What is apprehension test?
The Apprehension test is generally used to test the integrity of the glenohumeral joint capsule, or to assess glenohumeral instability in an anterior direction.
What are the glenohumeral ligaments?
Glenohumeral Ligaments (GHL): A joint capsule is a watertight sac that surrounds a joint. In the shoulder, the joint capsule is formed by a group of ligaments that connect the humerus to the glenoid. These ligaments are the main source of stability for the shoulder.
What is a SLAP tear?
A SLAP tear is an injury to the labrum of the shoulder, which is the ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint.
How does a SLAP tear feel?
Common SLAP tear symptoms include: Shoulder pain that can be a persistent dull ache or a sharp pain deep in your shoulder. Shoulder pain in certain positions, like raising your arm or stretching your arm behind your head. Shoulder pain when you do certain things, like throwing a ball or reaching overhead.
What is the O Brien’s test?
The O’Brien test is designed to detect labral injuries, labral tears, or potential slap lesions that could potentially be the cause of pain for your patient. To perform this test your patient must flex their arm to 90 degrees with the elbow fully extended, then horizontally adduct the arm 10-15 degrees.
What is a Bennett lesion?
A Bennett lesion is a bony spur at the posterior glenoid that is often seen in baseball players and usually asymptomatic. However, it sometimes becomes painful, but the mechanism of throwing pain is still unknown.
What is an Alpsa lesion?
An ALPSA lesion refers to a detachment of the anteroinferior labrum from the glenoid. The scapular periosteum is unruptured but widely lifted or stripped. The labrum remains attached to the periosteum and can rotate medially to a position along the anterior surface of the scapular neck.
What is a HAGL lesion?
Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is a lesion associated with anterior shoulder instability. Although uncommon, HAGL lesions are a significant contributor to shoulder pain and dysfunction and, if missed, can even be a cause of failed Bankart repair.
What does a positive Yergason test mean?
Yergason’s Test is considered positive if the pain is reproduced in the bicipital groove and a biceps or a SLAP lesion is suspected.
What is external rotation lag sign?
The external rotation lag sign (ERLS) was originally described by Hertel et al in 1996. The purpose of this clinical diagnostic test is to assess the presence of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. In particular the ERLS is designed to test the integrity of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons.
What does neers sign test for?
The Neer Impingement Test is a test designed to reproduce symptoms of rotator cuff impingement through flexing the shoulder and pressure application. Symptoms should be reproduced if there is a problem with the supraspinatus or biceps brachii. This test is also associated with the Hawkins-Kennedy Test and Jobe’s Test.
What is patellar apprehension?
Patellar apprehension sign is a physical finding in which forced lateral displacement of the patella produces anxiety and resistance in patients with a history of lateral patellar instability.
How do you do a Neer test?
What is a positive Hawkins Kennedy test?
The examiner places the patient’s arm shoulder in 90 degrees of shoulder flexion with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and then internally rotates the arm. The test is considered to be positive if the patient experiences pain with internal rotation.
What is Bicipital groove?
Bicipital groove (BG) is an indentation on the anterior aspect of proximal part of humerus. This groove allows tendon of long head of biceps brachi muscle enveloped in synovial sheath and ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral artery to pass through it.
What is humeral torsion?
external rotational range of motion and a corresponding. reduction in the amount of shoulder internal rotation.21,44 The. amount of humeral torsion has been shown to vary within and. between individuals by as much as 2730 and 90,12,13 respectively, and to be related to throwing activity, age, and ethnicity.13,30,45.
What is humeral Retroversion?
Humeral retroversion is generally defined as the angular difference between the orientation of the proximal humeral head and the axis of the elbow at the distal humerus. … The retroversion angle of the humeral head has a wide range of variability, from 6 to 60.
What is a labrum?
The labrum is a type of cartilage found in the shoulder joint. The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint where the arm meets the body. The arm bone (humerus) forms a ball at the shoulder that meets the socket, which is part of the shoulder blade.
What is the Bankart procedure?
A Bankart repair involves re-anchoring and suturing the torn piece of cartilage to restore security and stability to the shoulder. This procedure is typically performed arthroscopically at an outpatient surgery center, meaning patients go home several hours after the surgery has been completed.
What is a Type 4 SLAP tear?
The Type 4 SLAP tear is one where the tear of the labrum extends into the long head of biceps tendon. Treatment is reattachment of the labrum (SLAP repair) and repair of the biceps tear, or a biceps tenodesis. This is done arthroscopically (keyhole) using suture anchors.
IS SLAP tear surgery painful?
You might have some pain and discomfort after the surgery. Ice packs and pain medication should help relieve both. Your shoulder might feel stiff. Your healthcare provider might recommend light exercises or physical therapy to help you strengthen your shoulder.
Are SLAP tears painful?
In most cases, a labrum SLAP tear doesn’t hurt all the time. The pain usually happens when you use your shoulder to do a task, especially an overhead activity. You may also notice: A catching, locking, or grinding feeling.
Where does a labrum tear hurt?
The primary symptom of a labral tear that is not associated with instability is pain in the area of the injury. Patients often say: the pain is located at the back on top of the shoulder or in the front on top of the shoulder. the pain feels like it is deep inside.