The agents that cause disease fall into five groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths (worms). Protozoa and worms are usually grouped together as parasites, and are the subject of the discipline of parasitology, whereas viruses, bacteria, and fungi are the subject of microbiology.

They include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites.

A brief review of the general characteristics of each of these agents and examples of some diseases they cause follows.

• Bacteria. …
• Viruses. …
• Fungi. …
• Protozoa. …
• Helminths. …
• Prions.

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As noted earlier, a carrier is a person with inapparent infection who is capable of transmitting the pathogen to others. Asymptomatic or passive or healthy carriers are those who never experience symptoms despite being infected.

The five main types of infectious agents are bacteria, protozoa, viruses,parasitic worms, and fungi.

There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as communicable versus non-communicable diseases.

Infectious diseases can be caused by:

• Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
• Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
• Fungi. …
• Parasites.

A Source is an infectious agent or germ and refers to a virus, bacteria, or other microbe. In healthcare settings, germs are found in many places. People are one source of germs including: Patients. Healthcare workers.

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, viruses, and even infectious proteins called prions.

Examples of pathogens include:

• bacteria.
• viruses.
• fungi.

Common Illnesses

• Allergies.
• Colds and Flu.
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Diarrhea.
• Headaches.
• Mononucleosis.
• Stomach Aches.

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A carrier can transmit disease to another organism without showing any symptoms which is an infected organism eg: HIV carriers whereas a vector is an organism in which the disease is transported from an infected person to a healthy person.

Healthy carriers: These are the persons who harbor the microorganism bud had never suffered from any disease by it. … Sites of carriage:

• Nasal: Staphylococcus aureus.
• Nasopharyngeal: meningococcus, Bordetella.
• Urinary: Salmonella.
• Fecal: Salmonella.
• Serum: hepatitis B.
• Hands: Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus.

Common sources of infection Sources, e.g. airborne, blood borne, sexually transmitted, fecal, oral, environment, stagnant water, warm-water systems, animals.

Bacterial infections

• strep throat.
• bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs), often caused by coliform bacteria.
• bacterial food poisoning, often caused by E. coli, Salmonella, or Shigella.
• bacterial cellulitis, such as due to Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• bacterial vaginosis.
• gonorrhea.
• chlamydia.
• syphilis.

Causative agents include bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Examples of bacterial diseases include pneumococcal pneumonia and gonorrhea. Viral diseases include influenza, measles, and ebola. Parasitic diseases include malaria and schistosomiasis.

Diseases can be grouped into two types:

• communicable , which are caused by pathogens and can be transferred from one person to another, or from one organism to another – in humans these include measles, food poisoning and malaria.
• non-communicable , which are not transferred between people or other organisms.

The 5 Most Common Infectious Diseases

• Hepatitis B. According to current statistics, hepatitis B is the most common infectious disease in the world, affecting some 2 billion people — that’s more than one-quarter of the world’s population. …
• Malaria. …
• Hepatitis C. …
• Dengue. …
• Tuberculosis.

Other serious bacterial diseases include cholera, diphtheria, bacterial meningitis, tetanus, Lyme disease, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells and use those cells to multiply and produce other viruses like themselves.

Pathogens cause illness to their hosts through a variety of ways. The most obvious means is through direct damage of tissues or cells during replication, generally through the production of toxins, which allows the pathogen to reach new tissues or exit the cells inside which it replicated.

Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens. Pathogens cause disease either by disrupting the bodies normal processes and/or stimulating the immune system to produce a defensive response, resulting in high fever, inflammation^? and other symptoms.

The most common sources of infectious agents causing HAI, described in a scientific review of 1,022 outbreak investigations,²⁰ are (listed in decreasing frequency) the individual patient, medical equipment or devices, the hospital environment, the health care personnel, contaminated drugs, contaminated food, and …

Here are some examples of common sources of infection in a healthcare setting:

• Door handles. …
• Floors. …
• Laundry and linens. …
• Lavatories. …
• Medical equipment. …
• Furniture. …
• Dry-erase markers. …
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Pathogen types. There are different types of pathogens, but we’re going to focus on the four most common types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.